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During most of a star’s life, it is known as a main sequence star like the sun, with the same stellar parts and similar properties. From studying Earth’s sun, scientists can learn abut the physical processes and structure of stars…
Protista is a kingdom of misfits. It includes a wide variety of microscopic life that doesn’t fall into any of the other kingdoms. There are plant-like protists, animal-like protists and even fungus-like protists. They are all eukaryotic, meaning that they…
Much like humans, coniferous trees have specialized male and female sex organs. male pine cones have close-knit “scales,” that hold pollen sacks, the pollen acting as air-borne “sperm;” female pine cones have looser scales and lie lower on a tree…
As you might have guessed, marine biologists study ocean organisms. The oceans, however, contain an estimated million or more species. Nobody is going to be able to study all of them, even at the shallowest level. As with most scientists,…
At first blush, the terms “fluid” and “liquid” seem to describe the same thing. However, an important difference exists between them; liquid describes a state of matter–as do “solid” and “gaseous”–whereas a fluid is any substance that flows. Nitrogen gas,…
The molar mass of any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance is the number of grams of the substance in its molecular (molar) form that contains 6.0221367 X e^23 atoms of the substance (Avogadro’s Number). This is because the mass of…
Say you want to know how your purebred 12-week-old puppy’s weight compares to that of dogs of the same age, sex and breed around the world. Because you can track down a database offering a sizable number of dogs meeting…
While physical and physiological both refer to bodies, physical means the body itself while physiological refers to the body’s functions. Understanding the differences between physical and physiological helps scientists and medical professionals to determine root causes of a variety of…
Gases were an enigma to early scientists who were baffled by their freedom of movement and apparent weightlessness compared to liquids and solids. In fact, they did not determine that gases constituted a state of matter until the 17th century.…
Nautical miles and air miles are related terms of measurement. Different contexts require different uses, therefore it is important to understand the meaning of each. Air Miles An air mile is a way of measuring distance in air travel. An…
